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In a standard Kubernetes cluster, `kube-proxy` relies on `iptables` to route traffic to services. While effective for small clusters, `iptables` was never designed for the dynamic, high-churn environments of modern cloud-native applications. As the number of services and endpoints grows, the sequential rule evaluation of `iptables` introduces significant latency and CPU overhead.

Operating systems are finally becoming container-native. With bootc (Bootable Containers), platform engineers can now manage their entire OS lifecycle using the same OCI-compliant workflows they already use for applications, bringing the power of GitOps to the base image itself.

As systems become increasingly distributed, traditional monitoring is no longer enough. OpenTelemetry (OTel) provides a unified, vendor-neutral standard for collecting traces, metrics, and logs, giving SREs and developers unparalleled visibility into their microservices architectures without being locked into a single provider.

As infrastructure grows, so does the volume of metrics. VictoriaMetrics offers a high-performance, cost-effective monitoring solution that remains compatible with the Prometheus ecosystem while providing better compression, lower resource usage, and simpler horizontal scaling.